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The Armed Forces of Ukraine ((ウクライナ語:Збройні сили України (ЗСУ) ''Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny, (ZSU)'')) is the military of Ukraine. The country has observer status with the Non-Aligned Movement of nation states.〔("NAM Members & Observers" ). 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement, Tehran, 26–31 August 2012〕 The Armed Forces of Ukraine are composed of the Ukrainian Ground Forces, the Ukrainian Navy, and the Ukrainian Air Force with the National Guard of Ukraine making up the main reserve component. Ukraine's naval forces maintain their own small Ukrainian Naval Infantry force as well as their own Ukrainian Naval Aviation force. The Ukrainian Sea Guard is the coast guard service of Ukraine, however it is part of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and is not subordinate to the Navy. A concept of the Territorial Defense Battalion of Ukraine formed as a result of the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine from local volunteers forming their own units which received authorization to operate as a militia against enemy forces. Initially these units received minimal funding from the state and mostly relied on donations. In November 2014 all battalions were integrated into Ukraine's regular forces as part of the National Guard of Ukraine. Due to the ongoing hostilities with pro-Russian separatists, Ukraine has greatly increased the size of its military forces to the size of 204.000 soldiers (+46000 civil servants) in 2014, not counting para military forces such as the border guards (53.000), the new formed National Guard of Ukraine (60.000) or the security service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=DW )〕 Ukraine's armed forces came close to France, which maintained a 229,000 man force, as the largest in Europe when excluding Russia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Global Fire Power )〕 It was reported that Ukraine's military swelled to 280,000 personnel. However, this was largely due to the repeated waves of mobilization bringing in new recruits while older soldiers had not yet been processed out, the state budget for 2015 ultimately calls for a force of 230,000. Hryhoriy Pedchenko reported that 51% of Ukraine's enlisted personnel were contract soldiers. Military units of other states participate in multinational military exercises with Ukrainian forces in Ukraine regularly.〔(Parliament approves admission of military units of foreign states to Ukraine for exercises ), ''Kyiv Post'' (May 18, 2010)〕 Many of these exercises are held under the NATO co-operation program Partnership for Peace. ==History== The modern military in Ukraine was completely inherited from the Soviet Union, in which Ukraine was a member state. Like other Soviet republics, it did not possess its own separate military command, as all military formations were uniformly subordinated to the central command of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Administratively the Ukrainian SSR was divided into three military districts (the Carpathian Military District, Kiev Military District, and Odessa Military District) and most of the Black Sea Fleet naval bases were located on the coast of Ukraine. As the collapse of the Soviet Union took place before 1992 (see Novo-Ogoryovo process), Ukraine inherited one of the most powerful force groupings in Europe. According to an associate of the Conflict Studies Research Centre, James Sherr: "This grouping, its inventory of equipment and its officer corps were designed for one purpose: to wage combined arms, coalition, offensive (and nuclear) warfare against NATO on an external front".〔James Sherr, 'Ukraine's Defense Reform: An Update', Conflict Studies Research Centre, 2002〕 At that time, the former Soviet armed forces in the Ukrainian SSR included a rocket army (43rd Rocket Army), four air force armies, an air defense army (8th Air Defence Army), three regular armies, two tank armies, one army corps and the Black Sea Fleet.〔(Стан Збройних Сил України на момент створення (Status of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the time of creation) ). Ukrainian Military in 20-21st centuries.〕 Altogether the Armed Forces of Ukraine included about 780,000 personnel, 6,500 tanks, about 7,000 combat armored vehicles, 1,500 combat aircraft, and more than 350 ships. On 26 February 1991 a parliamentary Standing Commission for Questions of Security and Defense was established. On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian parliament (the Verkhovna Rada), in adopting the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, also enacted a short resolution "About military formations in Ukraine".〔Law of Ukraine N 1431-XII. "(About military formations of Ukraine )". Verkhovna Rada. August 24, 1991.〕 This took jurisdiction over all formations of the armed forces of the Soviet Union stationed on Ukrainian soil, and established one of the key agencies, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense.〔(The history of the Armed Forces of Ukraine )〕 On 3 September 1991 the Ministry of Defence commenced its duties. On 22 October 1991 units and formations of the Soviet Armed Forces on Ukrainian soil were nationalized.〔James Sherr, DEFENCE & SECURITY REFORM IN UKRAINE: A FRESH START? (''Survival'', Spring 2001)〕 This was followed by two Laws of Ukraine that were adopted by the Supreme Council of Ukraine on December 6, 1991〔(Official document ). Law of Ukraine "About Defense of Ukraine". December 6, 1991〕〔(Official document ). Law of Ukraine "About Armed Forces of Ukraine. December 6, 1991〕 and Presidential Ukase #4 "About Armed Forces of Ukraine" on December 12, 1991.〔(Official document ). "About Armed Forces of Ukraine]〕 The government of Ukraine surrendered any rights of succession of the Soviet Strategic Deterrence Forces〔(Strategic Deterrence Forces ) at encyclopedia.mil.ru〕 (see Strategic Missile Troops) that were staged on the territory of Ukraine. Recognizing the complications of a smooth transition and seeking a consensus with other former members of the Soviet Union in dividing up their Soviet military inheritance, Ukraine joined ongoing talks that started in December 1991〔(Agreement on Forces of General Purpose for transition period )〕 regarding a joint military command of the Commonwealth of Independent States.〔(Agreement on Joint Armed Forces for transition period )〕 Inherent in the process of creating a domestic military were political decisions by the Ukrainian leadership regarding the country's non-nuclear and international status. Among these was the definition, agreement and ratification of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) which not only established the maximum level of armament for each republic of the former USSR, but also a special ceiling for the so-called CFE "Flank Region". Included in this region were Ukraine's Mykolaiv, Kherson, Zaporizhia Oblasts, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Another key event in the creation of the Ukrainian military was the 1992 Tashkent Treaty, which laid out aspirations for a Commonwealth of Independent States military that would prove impossible to develop because the former republics of the USSR all wished to go their own way, ripping the intricate Soviet military machine into pieces. All military and security forces, including the Armed Forces of Ukraine and a number of independent "militarized institutions" (paramilitary forces) are under the command of the President of Ukraine, and subject to oversight by a permanent Verkhovna Rada parliamentary commission. Ukrainian military tactics and organization are heavily dependent on Cold War tactics and former Soviet Armed Forces organization. Under former President Yushchenko Ukraine pursued a policy of independence from Russian dominance, and thus tried to fully integrate with the West, specifically NATO. However, Ukraine retained tight military relations with Russia, inherited from their common Soviet history. Common use of naval bases in Crimea and joint air defense efforts were the most intense branches of such cooperation. This cooperation is a permanent irritant in bilateral relations, but the country is unable to break such ties quickly, being economically dependent on Moscow. Furthermore, following the election of President Victor Yanukovych, ties between Moscow and Kyiv have warmed, and those between Kyiv and NATO have cooled, relative to the Yushchenko years. Plagued at times by hostile relations with Russia following the breakup of the Soviet Union, Ukraine has been steadfastly trying to develop its own independent military industry. Notable results of this effort are the Ukrainian-built T-84 main battle tank, currently in service, and the aircraft manufacturer Antonov. Ukraine received about 30% of the Soviet military industry, which included between 50 and 60 percent of all Ukrainian enterprises, employing 40% of its working population. Ukraine was, and still remains, a leader in missile-related technology,〔(Ukraine Special Weapons )〕 navigation electronics for combat vessels and submarines, guidance systems, and radar for military jets. Tough competition in the world's weapons market obliged Ukraine to consider exporting arms to politically unstable or even aggressive regimes. Ukraine built its own connections in arms exporting. The first contracts on weapons deliveries to Iran, signed in the middle of 1992, caused negative reactions in the West, particularly from the United States federal government. Several accidents involving the Armed Forces have occurred since 1992, including the crash of an Air Force Su-27 in the Sknyliv airshow disaster of 2002. In March 2014, after the 2014 Crimean crisis began, it was announced by the reformist government that a new military service, the National Guard of Ukraine would be created. Previously a National Guard had existed up until 2000, thus the 2014 NG is a reformation of the one raised in 1991, but this time formed partially of personnel from the Internal Troops of Ukraine. In May 2014 with hybrid war happening in eastern regions, a helicopter with 14 soldiers on board including General Serhiy Kulchytskiy, who headed combat and special training for the country's National Guard, was brought down by militants near Sloviansk in East Ukraine. Outgoing President Olexander Turchynov described the downing as a "terrorist attack," and blamed pro-Russian militants. Late July 2015 the Ukrainian Defense Ministry presented the new design of the Ukrainian armed forces' uniform.〔(Ukraine’s Defense Ministry presents new military uniform ), UNIAN (27 July 2015)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Armed Forces of Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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